Преподавание иностранных языков

Past Tense Contrast

Задачи урока:

• образовательная: сравнить и выделить особенности употребления Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect ; научить делать правильный выбор времен при описании событий из прошлого;
• развивающая: развивать способность учащихся к говорению, аудированию, чтению и письму c использованием прошедших времен; развивать умение проводить сравнительный анализ грамматических явлений английского языка; развивать самостоятельность мышления при решении поставленных на уроке проблем;
• воспитательная: развивать умение работать самостоятельно и в группе; повысить мотивацию к изучению иностранных языков.

Ход урока

I. Introduction

Teacher: Hello.

Students: Hello.

Teacher: Take your seats, please.How are you?

Students: We are O.K.

II. Warm-up activities

Teacher: Today we are going to talk about the past, the past of yours and some other people’s. What are the ways of describing the past in the English language? What does the choice of the tenses depend on? These are the questions you are to find the answers to at this lesson.

Let’s start with talking about the time when you were kids. What are your earliest memories?

Look at the blackboard, please. (На доске написано: my first school day, my first friend, my first love). Please think of more important ‘firsts” .Ученики добавляют - my first teacher, my first public speaking, my first computer, my first mobile“. Now, please, take it in turns to tell each other what you can remember about these”firsts”. Ученики работают в парах 2-3 минуты.

III. Reading

Teacher: Now, please, open your books, page 1 and look at the photo. (На фотографии к тексту изображено разбитое стекло автомобиля.) What might have happened you think?

Ученики высказывают предположения.

- The car hit a tree. – Someone did it on purpose. - It’s something like vandalism.

Teacher: Let's see if you are right. ( ученики читают текст из учебника , который приводится ниже)

An Early Memory by Tom

I was about five years old. My aunt and uncle had come to visit us with their son, Joshua. While my parents were chatting with my aunt and uncle, my cousin and Iwent outside to play.It was raining and the sky was grey. We sat down on the doostep and started throwing stones at a tree in our front garden. I threw a stone, it bounced off the tree, landed on my aunt and uncle’s car and smashed the windscreen.I couldn’t believe what I had done. When my aunt and uncle came outside, I was staring at the broken windscreen.

IV. Use of the Past Tenses.

Teacher: Now look at the verbs in the text and say which of them are past simple, past continious or past perfect?

Ученики зачитывают выделенные глаголы и называют их грамматические времена.

Teacher: Why do you think the tenses in the story are used in this way? To answer the question I suggest that you make up the rules yourselves. Exercise 3 will help you.

Ученики выводят правила при помощи упражнения 3, в котором описывается характер действия, а учащимся при помощи данных примеров нужно вписать одно из названий: Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect.
Таким образом, ученики представляют следующие правила:

Student1: We can use the Past Continious to set the scene .For example,

It was raining and the wind was blowing.

Student 2: We use the Past Simple for actions or events that happened one after another. For example,

I got home, sat down and turned on TV.

Student 3: We use the Past Simple for an action or event that interrupted a background event; we use the Past Continuous for the background event. Forexample,

While I was having dinner, the telephone rang.

Student 3: We use the Past Perfect to talk about an event that happened before another action in the past. For example, I wasn’t hungry because I had eaten a pizza.

Затем отдельно отрабатываются сочетания Past Simple – Past Continuous и Past Simple-Past Perfect из раздела Grammar Builder в конце учебника.

Teacher: Now, do exercise 1 and 2, p.110. (ученики по очереди зачитывают предложения, раскрывая скобки и комментируя выбор времен).

Exercise 1

Complete the sentences with the past simple or the past continuous form of the verbs in brackets.

1. Will broke his leg while he was playing football.
2. The sun was shining so we decided to go to the beach.
3. We had dinner when we got home.
4. She was waiting for the train when she saw her boyfriend with another girl.
5. I was listening to my MP3 player, so I didn’t hear the phone.

Exercise 2

Combine the sentences. Use the words in brackets and both the past simple and the past perfect.

1. Pete broke the television. Dad shouted at him. (because).

Dad shouted at Pete because he had broken the television.

2. Kate played football. Then she had a shower. (after)

Kate had a shower after she had played football.

3. We forgot to water the plants. They had died. (because)

The plants died because we had forgotten to water them.

4. We did our homework. We went out. (after)

After we had done our homework we went out.

5. I lost my mobile phone. I bought a new one. (because)

I bought a new mobile because I had lost my old one.

Teacher: As you see, Past Simple can go both with Past Continuous and Past Perfect and with Past Simple as well. Look at the sentences of exercise 4 and think how the sentences are different. To see the difference more clearly I suggest that you role play each situation in a group.

Ученики рассматривают задание упражнения 4 и делятся на три группы для того, чтобы образно продемонстрировать действия, выраженные разными сочетаниями времен. На задание отводится около 3-х минут.

Teacher: Now, please, perform the situations.

A student of group 1:

“When I got to the party, Kim opened the presents.” ( Ребята показывают, как это произошло.) In the sentence there are two past simple actions: it means that first I arrived and then Kim opened the presents. The events happened one after another.

A student of group 2:

“When I got to the party, Kim was opening the presents”. (Ребята демонстрируют ситуацию).In this sentence we use the Past Simple and the Past Continuous. Kim was opening the presents (it was a background event) when I arrived (this event interrupted the process).

A student of group 3:

“When I got to the party, Kim had opened the presents”. (Ребята демонстрируют ситуацию). The past perfect shows that the event happened before another event in the past. I didn’t see Kim opening the presents. He finished opening them and then I arrived.

Teacher: Well done! Now when I see how good you are at understanding the past tense contrast, please, show how good you are at using the past tenses. Please, do exercise 5.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct tenses.

1. Dad broke/was breaking a glass while he was doing/had done the washing up.
2. The ground was wet when I was leaving/left the house in the morning. It rained/had rained during the night.
3. “Why were you out in the rain?” “I brought/was bringing in the washing.”
4. When I arrived/was arriving home, my mum helped /had helped me with my homework.
5. After we worked/had worked for an hour, we stopped/were stopping for a rest.
6. Tom was driving/had driven home when he crashed/was crashing the car.
7. My dad was getting up/got up, had/was having breakfast and went to work.
8. I had/was having a headache because I wasn’t eating/hadn’t eaten since the day before.

Учащиеся выполняют упражнение с обсуждением в парах, затем зачитываются выбранные варианты. В спорных случаях на доске используется схематичное изображение действий при помощи разноцветных магнитов, символизирующих последовательность действий.

Teacher: And now I see you are ready to do the next task. It will be the last one for today. You are to complete the story using the proper tenses.

Учащиеся выполняют последнее упражнение, самостоятельно выбирая необходимую грамматическую форму.

Sylvia’s earliest memory

It was about a week after my third birthday. My aunt 1 (give) me a new doll as a present, and while I 2 (play) with it, I 3 (notice) that my other dolls were all quite dirty in comparison. I 4 (decide) to give them to the bath. When I 5 (wash) them all, I 6 (take) them outside and 7 (put) them on the grass. It was a warm day and the sun 8 (shine). While I 9 (wait) for the dolls to dry, I 10 (hear) a shout from inside, so I 11 (look) in through the window. Water 12 (pour) down from the kitchen ceiling onto the floor. I 13 (not turn) the taps off in the bathroom. I remember that my dad was really angry because he 14 (decorate) the kitchen the previous week.

V. The Conclusion.

Teacher: You’ve been working hard today and have learned about the percularities of past tenses. To have more practice you should write your own story about one of your earliest memories. It will be your hometask. The lesson is over. See you tomorrow.

Список использованной литературы и адреса Интернет-сайтов:

1. “Solutions” Intermediate Student’s Book. Изд. “Oxford University Press” 2008 г. Авт. Tim Falla, Paul A Davies.
2. “Solutions” Intermediate Teacher’s Book. Изд. “Oxford University Press” 2008 г. Авт. Tim Falla, Paul A Davies.